Plant Receptor-like proteins (RLPs): Structural features enabling versatile immune recognition

Plant immune recognition of pests and pathogens relies on a germline-encoded repertoire innate receptors. In recent years, many examples cell surface receptors in the large gene family receptor-like proteins (RLPs) have been shown to govern specificity. RLPs lack canonical intracellular kinase domain associated with receptor kinases, but instead transduce signaling through interactions co-receptor adaptor kinases including BAK1 SOBIR1. We review functions mediated by subdomains leucine-rich repeat (LRR) type RLPs. LRR-RLP extracellular domains, transmembrane motifs, tails can mediate ligand binding, recruitment, A recently reported cryo-EM structure an LRR-RLP, RXEG1, now links architecture sequence features LRR-RLPs key molecular functions. Finally, we propose new motif-based classification based shared island (ID). both dicot monocot species, encoding Y-x8-KG newly defined K-x5-Y motif their IDs correspond conserved, sister clades genes. that conservation distinct groups implies is useful classifier immunity-related LRR-RLPs, distinguishing them from similar roles growth development. Deeply conserved structural likely provide versatile platform for diversification repertoires specificities.